Means increasing cutter efficiency.



A. J. BAKER.

MEANS INCREASING CUTTER EFFICIENCY.

Patented Apr. 14, 1914.

v APPLICATION FILED JAR. 15, 1914. 1,093,581

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APPLICATION FILED JAN. 15, 1914.

Patented Apr. 14, 1914 8 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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WY, Q! MELEY, GINQINNATI, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

Means incnnasxfie cu rrnn am unts.

' necessa- 5 county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented a new and Improved Means Increasing Cutter Efficiency, of which the fol-' lowing specification is a full disclosure.

This invention proposes an improvement in the means instrumental in lubricating a milling cutter during the tooling operation, and it contemplates an instrumentality applicable in connection with conventional machine'tools whereby the tooling capacity of an ordinary milling cutter may be greatly enhanced.

Among the objects contemplated by this invention is to render available an extremely simple structure in the nature of an attachment that maybe easily applied to the working elements of a machine tool with the effect that the milling cutter will be enabled to accomplish a greatly increased amountof work, without however limiting the range the ordinary operating facility of the mac ine tool.

One of the primary purposes of this improvement is to enable a mllling cutter to be supported by an arbor in the usual manna and to be used for tooling work supporte on an. 'exposed or opened underlying table,-

and at the same time to enable a large portion of the milling cutter to be immersed or submerged in a rapidly-flowing quantity of a suitable coolin agent, and without rendering necessary if an awkward or interfering character.

Other objects will be'in part obvious from the'annexed drawings andin part indicated in connection therewith by the following analysis oft-he invention.

This invention accordingly consists in the' features of construction, combination of parts, and in the unique-relations of the members and in the relative proportioning and disposition thereof; 'all as more completely outlined herein.

To enable others skilled in the art so fully to comprehend the underlyin' features there of that they may embody t e same by the v numerous modifications in structure and relation contemplated by this invention as set forth in the appended claims, drawings depiloting a preferred form have beenannexeid 5 as a part of this disclosure, and in such specification of Letters Eatent. application mumm 1914. swarm. 812,168.

by Figs. 1 and 2 on the sequence thatf'with thead'ditibn .latentefi Apr. 1a, 1918..

drawings, like characters of reference denote corresponding parts throughout all the views, of which Figure 1 is a horizontal section throughthe I axis ofa milling cutter, as indicated by line 1l, of Fig. 2, which is a vertical radial plane section through the device shown by- Fig. l, as through line 2-2 thereof; these figures illustrating .a non-adjustable em-" bodiment of this invention which perhaps represents the simplest aspect thereof. Figs. 3 and 4 represent an adjustable embodiment of this invention especially useful When-it is desired to utilize milling cutters of dili'erent lengths and having a plain contour; Fig. 4 being a side elevation partly broken away to yield an interior view, and Fig. 3 being a radigl planese'ctio'n through line 3'-3, Fig. 4. i

ofngil ing cutter and embodiment of this invention especially adapted to accommodat'e the same; said embodiment being of a spec1al or more universal typeand embodymg variousfeatures' and capacities provided one hand, and Figs. 3 and 4: on the other hand. 3 Preceding the detailed description of the illustrated forms of this invention, it should be noted that heretofore itha s been a .com-

f practice to promotethe cutting action 0 .as voil' or lime water against the very teeth 7 during their actualcutting or tooling peri-s ods'l' It was believed and universally accept- "ed that this liquid would so ,far reduce the e useof splash-guards of j s. 5 and .6 respectively show a form t j a tool by directing a stream of liquid such friction and so far dissipate theme-at of fricI- tion' at the very instant of. its formation, that ;a deterioration of the steel would be pre- 'Vented to a considerable extent thereby per. mitting higher speeds-to be a prolonged close observation I have dis covered certain fundamental faults with this L theory and, I have succeeded in devising an apparatus'based on certain new principlesobtained. After and realizing'an elficiency heretofore quite higher tooling speeds the heat is generated in each tooth much more rapidly than the running stream as ordinarily employed can 1 absorb it, with the-consequence that the tooth v leaves-the cut ajheated-ccndition, then periphery. f

and, soon.

travelsaround the restof the without a material loss of heat, again starts cutting the work with the con of the gen- 109 unattaina le. I have discovered that at the temperature,

- cooling element. That is to say,

' to the heated surfaces tion,

maining erated heat it again attains a stillhigher and the cutting rate must be proportioned tothe other conditions so that this tendency to accumulate heat or rogressively to increase the temperature wi 1 be counterbalanced. By my system, the tooth is not only lubricated and cooled during the actual tooling period to as great an extent heretofore, but it is also refrigerated during the major portion if not all of its idle travel, e. when it is returning around the periphery to the starting point again.

By my arrangement, the excess heat rein the actual cutting tip and body portion; of'the tooth after it leaves the cutting period is in process of constant absorption during the return stroke ofthe tooth so that by the time it again reaches the starting point it will have been very materially reduced in temperature and if-not. entirely cooled. Consequently, since it does not enter the cutting cycle in a pre-heated state, even though the table mal, there is no tendency for the heat to accumulate or the temperature rise to such a point that the steel is unable to withstand the strains imposed by the work to be done. In carrying out this principle, provision has been made also whereby the refrigerating effect may be accentuated or intensified dur ing the idle or return stroke of the tool,

so that this stroke may be accomplished in the veryshort period of time corresponding to the greater speed of the cutter without unduly exceeding the capacity of the I not only propose .to subject the tooth to a cooling efiect by causing it to return while completely immersed in a cooling liquid, but also propose to effect a rapidinterchange of the particles of the liquid with relation of the submerged tooth to accentuate the rate of heat absorpand also effect a rapid and continual replacement and renewal of the cooling medium so that the same may be used at its most eflicient normal temperature. In carrying out what is perhaps the sim plest embodiment of my invention, as illustrated in-F-igs. 1 and 2, 1 indicates the arbor of; a machine tool, such as a milling machine, andwhich is mounted on the machine in anyconventional manner, it here being shown as horizontal, and this arbor either regular -or in I be.-. For example, this contour may-cobra: 55-

is 'power driven in an appropriate manner. A milling cutter 2 indiatedjin dotted lines is'ke'yedto this arbor so as to be positively rotated thereby at whatever rate of speed mayif be predetermined. The cutter shown this" instance is ordinarily known as a formed cutter in that the cutting edges 3 15f its teeth. may have a special contour as the ease -..1. y

spend to thatof'a ear tooth, or to thatiof slipping the hood any special piece of work to be made, or it may have an ordinary straight line contour. This invention proposes a hood A of a sufiicient capacity to circumscribe and receive a large portion of the body of the milling cutter, and the end walls 4 of this hoodare provided with circular apertures 5 of a suflicient diameter to receive the arbor 1 with very little clearance, so as to form with the arbor a sufliciently tight or reduced opening 1 so that undue quantities of the cooling me ium may not escape. It is desirable to construct this hood in such a manner .that'it may readily be adapted for cutters of any predetermined contour, and to that end, it is proposed that the bottomwall 6 shall be made relatively thin and shall pass below the arbor, and shall have an aperture 7 especially proportioned and shaped to fit the emerging section of the cutter fairly closely so that undue amounts of lubrica-nt or of the cooling medium may not. esfeedmay be above the norcape too rapidly. The hood A will be formed initially with a continuous underwall 6, and the aperture 7 will be cut therein, either by means of the cutter tool itself, or in the tool room by other means so as to match the cutter tool. The hood A is easily arranged in its operative relations with the other elements of the machine by first introducing the cutter 2 into its interior and then and cutter onto the end of the arbor so that the arbor passes through the aperture in the cutter as well as the two round end wall apertures of the hood, and then the arbor collars are tightened up in the usual manner, and the work positioned properly with respect to the cutter.

In Fig. 2, 8 indicates a table on which the work 9 is secured and by feeding the .table, this work is brought into cutting relation with the teeth of the cutter which will effect a tooling operation from the point indicated by 10 to the point indicated by 11,

- and the tool. will then travel through the long arc from 11 into and through the chamber in the hood A and again to the point 10, and during the major portion of this idle travel or non-tooling arc, my instrumentality will be exercising a refrigerating effect on the tooth. To prevent anon-interference between-the work and the hood or the undetached chips and the hood, and at the same time toafi'ord free access to the tooling portions of the cutter, the bottom wall 6 will preferably extend first toward the arbor at a sufiicient distance above the work 9, and then may curve around underneath the arbor, as indicated by 12, and then may symmetrically merge with the curved circumscribing wall 13 of the shield A. At an appropriate point in thisshield, as for ex threaded end of the pipe .B which comity of this invention to be better understood,

it may here be stated that in the normal use of this structure about ten times as much -fluid will be forced through the pipe B into the chamber of the hood A, as has heretofore been used when the fluid was merely directed by a pipe against the working teethof the cutter without my structure. That is to say, practically the entire body of the cutter, and its entire surface is exposed to the rush of about 15 gallons per minute of the cooling element, which is 'farin excess of any cooling effect hereto-fore attainable in this art. It is also to be understood that the above-described structure is intended to .be

used with and toform a part of thetcoms mon elements of the conventional working machines such as millin machines; That is to say, the above-described structure is intended to be attached to the delivery end of. a pipe leading from an appropriate pump mounted on or in the frame of the machine and which is power-driven by the machine and which receives its supply of the cooling medium which may be lime-water for instance from a suitable well or drainage pocket located below the table of the ma chine, s0 that the medium discharged from my hoodtwill fl'ow through suitable channels, conduits and passage-ways from'the 7 table to the aforesaid well; thereby providing-a continuous system of flowing medium.

I rovided by the boss 14 adapted to These elements have not been illustrated because they are conventionaland well-known by those skilled in the art.

The adjustable embodiment shown by try port I receive uidfrom the pipe 13.. The shapeshown conforms to cutters of a uniform diameter since the curved side wall term1- nates in the opposing straight edges 15* which are but slightly distant from the adjacent cutter teeth. Provision is here made whereby one or both of the end walls are adjustable so that various cutter lengths may be accommodated- The end wall is here represented by a U shaped. member D preferably having annular-like pan eral portion 16 conforming to the bore of hood 1 C and a wall-like portion 17 having a U shaped aperture bounded by the ta'nge'n tial odes-.18 and the semi-circular edge 19 in proper place. Thus, a thin .springrme-tal shell E may intervene between the outer hood member and the slidable end wall, and

this shell may be lockedin place as by the screen 20 leaving its marginal portion 21 free and its edges 22 in position to cooperate with the lugs or shoulders 23 of the end members D to restrain rotation thereof;

One. or more set' screws24r serve to spring the marginal portion 21 inward and cramp the member D against displacement.

I The universal embodiment shown-by Fig. 6 represents in one structure all of the characteristics peculiar to either Fig. l or Fig. l, that is to say, A represents one end: portion of the hood similar to that shown by Fig. l and C represents another end-portion corresponding with that of Fig. 4. The end wall 4 is integral with the end portion A of the hood and it has a closed circular aperture 5- for' the arbor and thebottom 6 in part extends "under the arbor as indicated by the bridge 12 and-in part is cut away to example, the cutter shown by Fig. 5. Thefollower D- resembles that shown by Figs. 3 and 4 and italso has the U shaped aperture 19 and is preferably locked-in any one of its adjusted positions-.Jbythe spring shell E as beforefidescribedi The means instrumental medium into the hood comprises the inlet nipaB. I

Without further elaboration the foregoing will so fully reveal .the gist of this invention that others can by applying current ';,-knowledge readily adapt it for various applications, without omitting certainfeatures ,that, f rom the standpoint of the prior art, fairly. constitute essential characteristics of "the generic or specific aspects'of this inven- -tion, and therefore such adaptations should and are-intended'to be comprehended within the meaning'. andrange of equivalency of the following claims.

"Having described "my invention, I claim as new iand,;desire to secure by Letters Patent er the UnitedStates:-:-4

. 1. A. tooling' 'mechani'sm of the'nature disprovide the aperture 7 having its edges prefin forcing great quantities of the cooling 40 ing-cutter, an arbor therefor,a hood envelclosed. combining an arbor, a cutter rotated thereby, a hood provided with end-walls and circumscribing a large portion of said cutter and having an opening through which the working-portion of said cutter protrudes,

an end-wall of said shell providing an opening through which said arbor extends, and means for admitting a copious quantity'of cooling fluid into said hood whereby the exposed working-teeth of the cutter will be maintained in a torrent of heat-absorbing fluid and the body of said cutter will be kept submerged in said fluid.

2. A-high-speed tooling-device of the nature revealed combining'a rotary milling cutter, a rotating arbor therefor, a hood having two end wal1s each providing an opening-through which said arbor extends and also having an aperture through 'wh'ich emerge the working-teeth of the cutter, and means for admitting a copious quantity of cooling-fluid into said hood whereby the teeth will be submerged in a streamof said fluid during the greaterportion of their peripheral travel and efiect lvely cooled.

3. A cutter-cooling instrumentality comv' if bining a milling cutter having a suitably contoured cutting-periphery, an arbor for rotating it at high-speed, a hood having an opening in its lower periphery through Which' a portion of said cutter protrudes, the edges of said opening being contoured in close correspondence with the contour of the protruding portionof said cutter, said 'a round opening through which emerges said hood having an end-opening through which said-:arbor extends, and means whereby a stream? of heat-absorbing fluid may flow continuously into said hood.

4. Atemperature-controlled cutting-mechanism combining a suitably contoured milloping said cutter and providing an aperture through which aworking-portion of said cutterrotrudes'in close proximity with the edges o isaid aperture, said hood also having arbor in close fitting relation with the edges of said opening, and means for admittin a. continuous stream of heat-absorbing fluid into said hood.

5. A low-temperaturehigh-speed toolingmeans combining an arbor, a suitably contoured milling-cutter rotatably mounted thereby, a hood encompassing more than 180 of the cutting-periphery of said cutter major-portion of said cutter will be submerged in a flowing body of a coolingmedium.

- 6. A heat-absorbing'metal-cuttin instrumentality combining a rotary mil ing-cutter having a variably-contoured cuttingperi'phery, a hood inclosing a large portion of said cutter and having an opening through which protrudes a portion of its cuttingperiphery, the edges of said opening being variably-contoured in close correspondence with said cuttingperiphery in closely spaced relation therewith, said hood-being formed interiorly to clear the teethof said cutter and constructed *to admit the entrance of said rotating means, and means enabling heat-absorbing fluid to enter said hood to.

absorb the heat generated by the tooling action of the cutter.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name, as attested by the two subscribing witnesses.

ARTHUR J. BAKER.

Witnesses:

Son Emsr'nm, ALBERT F. NATHAN. 

